Here is the List of Questions with Answers along with explanation
Que 1. After meeting with an accident, a person unexpectedly changed his
entire personality becoming too impulsive and aggressive. Name the part of
brain that can be most likely to damage.
a) Basal Ganglia
b) Caudate Nucleus
c) Orbitofrontal Prefrontal Cortex
d) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Answer - c) Orbitofrontal Prefrontal Cortex
Explanation: The orbitofrontal cortex hypothesized to play a major role in
higher-order cognition like decision-making. Moreover, orbitofrontal cortex has
also been implicated in playing a significant role in emotion. Orbitofrontal
cortex is interconnected with limbic system structures like the amygdala, which
are considered to be important to the experience of emotion. Patients with
prefrontal cortex damage tend to perform poorly on tasks that require the use
of long-term strategies and the inhibition of impulses. They also often display
short-term memory deficits, which may help to explain some of their
difficulties in planning.
Que 2. How many regions of Brodmann's areas has been identified on
Cerebral cortex?
a) 40 regions
b) 48 regions
c) 52 regions
d) 50 regions
Answer - c) 52 regions
Explanation: There are 52 regions of Brodmann's areas has been identified on
Cerebral cortex.
Que 3. Brain research on psychopaths shows that they are experiencing
inability to learn from their mistakes and difficulty in assessing emotional
reactions. This might be due to the lesion of.
a) Broca’s Area
b) Brodmann’s Area
c) Orbitofrontal Prefrontal Cortex
d) Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Answer - d) Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex
Explanation: Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex involves the processing of risk and
fear. Damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex has been connected with
deficits in detecting irony, sarcasm, and deception. Subjects with damage in
this area have been found to be more easily influenced by misleading
advertising.
Que 4. The largest reduction in the structure and function of the which
lobe of brain results in Anti-social behaviour.
a) Parietal
lobe
b) Frontal
lobe
c) Occipital
lobe
d) Temporal
lobe
Answer - b) Frontal lobe
Explanation: Frontal lobe is the part of the brain that controls important
cognitive skills in humans, such as emotional expression, problem solving,
memory, language, judgment, and sexual behaviors. Damage to frontal lobe
results in speech problems, changes in personality, poor coordination and
difficulties in controlling impulse control.
Que 5. Acquired Anti-Social Personality Disorder is due to the damage of
a) Basal Ganglia
b) Orbitofrontal Prefrontal
Cortex
c) Cerebrum
d) Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex
Answer - b) Orbitofrontal Prefrontal Cortex
Explanation: The orbitofrontal cortex hypothesized to play a major role in
higher-order cognition like decision-making. Moreover, orbitofrontal cortex has
also been implicated in playing a significant role in emotion. Orbitofrontal cortex
is interconnected with limbic system structures like the amygdala, which are
considered to be important to the experience of emotion. Patients with
prefrontal cortex damage tend to perform poorly on tasks that require the use
of long-term strategies and the inhibition of impulses. They also often display
short-term memory deficits, which may help to explain some of their
difficulties in planning.
Que 6. Name the area of the brain which involves in encoding and
recognizing faces of an offender involved in a crime.
a) Orbitofrontal Prefrontal Cortex
b) Wernicke's area
c) Exner’s Area
d) Fusiform Face Area
Answer - d) Fusiform Face Area
Explanation: The fusiform face area (FFA) is a region of the cortex in the
inferior temporal lobe of the brain that has been shown to respond most
strongly to faces compared
with other types of input (e.g., objects) for
typically developing individuals. Its activation has widely been investigated
as a biological measure of face processing impairment
among individuals with
autism spectrum disorders (ASD).
Que 7. Neurological disorder which causes a loss in the ability to
communicate through writing due to a lesion of the cerebral cortex.
a) Agraphia
b) Abulia
c) Acopia
d) Adipsia
Answer - a) Agraphia
Explanation: Agraphiais characterized by the inability toexpress thoughts in
writing, due to a lesion of the cerebral cortex.Writing requires the
translation of a language item into symbols.
Linguistic
messages originate in the posterior language areaare translated into visual
symbols in the inferior parietal area (lesion causes agraphia with alexia), and
are sent to
the frontal language area (Broca's) for motor processing; lesions in
anyof these areas or pathways will cause agraphia.
Que 8. Neurological research suggests that, if neural connectivity
between the amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortexis reduced, it can
result in which following conditions.
a) Anti-Social Personality
Disorder
b) Childhood Disorders
c) Psychopathy
d) Sociopathy
Answer - c) Psychopathy
Explanation: Psychopathy is a condition characterized by the absence of
empathy, callousness, detachment, highly manipulative. Psychopaths can appear
normal, even charming, lack any semblance of conscience.
Que 9. Grey Matter Reduction in frontal region of the brain can results
in
a) Anti-Social Personality Disorder
b) Schizophrenia
c) Mood Disorder
d) Depression
Answer - Anti-Social Personality Disorder
Explanation: Antisocial personality disorder,
sometimes called sociopathy, is a mental disorder in which a person
consistently shows no regard for right and wrong and ignores the rights and
feelings of others. People with antisocial personality disorder tend to
antagonize, manipulate or treat others harshly or with callous indifference.
They show no guilt or remorse for their behavior.
Que 10. Brain
research suggest that psychopaths experience lessened fear perception of danger
and fear related facial expressions. This might be due to the damage of
a) Amygdala
b) Hippocampus
c) Caudate Nucleus
d) Brain Stem
Answer - a) Amygdala
Explanation: The amygdala is recognized as a component of the limbic
system, and is thought to play important roles in emotion and behavior. Damage
to the amygdala can impair the ability to form these positive memories.